WASHINGTON — The messages coming from House Democrats on impeachment in recent weeks are decidedly confusing.  
  
House Speaker Nancy Pelosi has said Democrats need to wait for court decisions before they decide whether to approve articles of impeachment. At the same time, the chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, New York Representative Jerrold Nadler, said Thursday that what his committee was doing now amounted to “formal impeachment proceedings” — and that Democrats would make a final decision by the end of the year.  
  
So are Democrats starting impeachment, or not? And will President Donald Trump ultimately be removed from office?  
  
Sort of. And almost certainly not.  
  
Questions and answers about the impeachment debate:  

First, what’s the status of impeachment? 

Talk of impeachment escalated in recent months after Trump began fighting subpoenas from Congress. Democrats had originally said they wanted to start by investigating Trump and doing their own review of former special counsel Robert Mueller’s report. But that has proved to be impossible, because people Mueller interviewed have on Trump’s orders defied subpoenas. 
 
The House Judiciary Committee this week sued in federal court to force the testimony of one of the Mueller report’s key witnesses, former White House counsel Donald McGahn. And last month, the panel petitioned to obtain secret grand jury testimony underlying the Mueller report. Both lawsuits argued that the committee needed to hear from witnesses and know more about Mueller’s findings to decide whether to recommend impeachment to the full House. 

What does Pelosi say? 

Pelosi’s tone has shifted somewhat in recent months. Mindful of moderates in her caucus who will need to win re-election next year, Pelosi said in March that Trump was “just not worth it” and “I’m not for impeachment.” Since then, Mueller has released his report detailing Trump’s attempts to influence his investigation and said he could not exonerate him. Pelosi says now that she wants to see the outcome of the court cases and get more information from the Trump administration. 
  
“If we have a case for impeachment, that’s the place we will have to go,” she said in July, while making it clear that she doesn’t believe the House has yet made that case. 

What does Nadler say? 

Nadler, who represents ultraliberal New York City, has become more outspoken on the need for impeachment in recent weeks. At the end of July, he said he believed Trump “richly deserves” it. Those comments reflected the sentiments of most Judiciary Committee Democrats, who have been ahead of the rest of their caucus in pushing for impeachment.  
  
Recently, Nadler and other Democrats on the committee have laid out a new strategy: saying that impeachment proceedings have already started, with or without a formal vote to begin them. 
  
“This is formal impeachment proceedings,” Nadler said on CNN Thursday evening, adding that he hoped by the end of the year that the panel would decide whether to vote to recommend articles.  

So what is the daylight between them? 

Pelosi has an entire caucus to consider, and many of the more moderate members want to stay far away from impeachment proceedings. The Democrats who sit on the Judiciary Committee — including some of the most liberal members of the House — have been ready to start the process for quite some time and have put pressure on the speaker.  
  
Still, lawmakers close to the matter say the two sides are essentially saying the same thing — that they are doing the work of impeachment and a final decision will be made later in the year.  
  
“I think we’re unified on this question,” said Representative Jamie Raskin, a Maryland Democrat who sits on the committee.  

How does the court case factor in? 

The idea that the committee is already conducting impeachment proceedings is also helpful to the Democratic lawsuit. Courts could give greater weight to the committee’s requests if lawmakers make a plausible case that the information is needed to exercise their constitutional duty regarding impeachment.  
  
“The Judiciary Committee is conducting an investigation to understand the scope and extent of misconduct by President Trump, and that investigation includes consideration of whether the Judiciary Committee should exercise its Article I powers to recommend articles of impeachment,” the case reads.  
  
Does the Democratic caucus support starting impeachment proceedings? 
  
About half of its members do. According to an Associated Press tally, 119 House Democrats support calls for the beginning of an impeachment inquiry — one more than half of the caucus. Not all of them would support an impeachment vote at this point.  
  
Those calls appear mostly symbolic, for now, as Nadler has declared the committee is already doing the work of impeachment. 

So could Trump really be removed from office? 

It’s extremely unlikely. Even if the full House were to approve charges against the president, it’s up to the Republican Senate to hold an impeachment trial.  
  
A two-thirds vote in the Senate would be required to convict and remove Trump from office. That’s an outcome that Democrats acknowledge is improbable. 

What are the political considerations? 

Many Democrats are torn. They know impeachment could be politically treacherous and cost them some support from independent voters in the 2020 election. But they also believe that Trump has committed the “high crimes and misdemeanors” that the Constitution lays out, and they don’t want to set a precedent for inaction.  
  
Raskin, a former constitutional law professor, said the political worries were “not an illegitimate concern,” but that others worry Trump will claim exoneration if the committee doesn’t act.  
  
“None of this is clairvoyant,” Raskin said. 

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